JazzIRT / Getty ImagesĪbsolute alcohol - common name for high purity ethanol or ethyl alcohol.Ībsolute error - expression of the uncertainty or inaccuracy of a measurement.Ībsolute temperature - temperature measured using the Kelvin scale.Ībsolute uncertainty - the uncertainty of a scientific measurement, given in the same units as the measurement.Ībsolute zero - the lowest possible state at which matter can exist, 0 K or -273.15☌.Ībsorbance - measure of the amount of light absorbed by a sample.Ībsorption - process by which atoms, ions, or molecules enter a bulk phase.Ībsorption spectroscopy - technique used to determine concentration and structure of a sample based on which wavelengths of liquid are absorbed.Ībsorption spectrum - graph of amount of absorption as a function of wavelength.Ībsorptivity - absorption cross section of extinction coefficient, which is the absorbance of a solution per unit path length and concentration.Īccuracy - the closeness of a measurement to a true or accepted value.Īcid - a chemical species that accepts electrons or donate protons or hydrogen ions.Īcid anhydride - a nonmetal oxide that reacts with water to form an acidic solution.Īcid-base indicator - a weak acid or weak base that changes color when the concentration of hydrogen or hydroxide ions changes in an aqueous solution.Īcid-base titration - a procedure to find the concentration of an acid or base by reacting a known concentration with the unknown until the equivalence point is reached.Īcid dissociation constant - Ka - a quantitative measure of how strong an acid is.Īcidic solution - an aqueous solution with a pH less than 7.0.Īctinides - Usually, the actinides are considered to be elements 90 (thorium) through 103 (lawrencium). Alkalinity is a measure of how basic a substance is.

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